The ABCs of Stargardt disease: the latest advances in precision medicine

Stargardt disease (STGD) is the most common form of inherited juvenile macular dystrophy and is caused by sequence variants in the ABCA4 gene. Due to its genetic complexity and phenotypic variability, STGD poses significant therapeutic challenges. In the past decade, a lot of progress has been made regarding our understanding of the molecular and clinical aspects of STGD, along with its mechanisms. This has led to the development of new therapies, and there are human clinical trials currently ongoing. This paper evaluates the emergence of pharmacological approaches targeting the visual cycle to mitigate retinal damage, the role of gene therapy in correcting specific genetic defects, and the use of stem cell therapies aimed at retinal regeneration by showcasing the latest clinical trials and precision medicine approaches.