Expanding the Perspective on PARP1 and Its Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: From DNA Damage Repair to Immunomodulation

The emergence of PARP inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for tumors with high genomic instability, particularly those harboring BRCA mutations, has advanced cancer treatment. However, recent advances have illuminated a multifaceted role of PARP1 beyond its canonical function in DNA damage repair. This review explores the expanding roles of PARP1, highlighting its crucial interplay with the immune system during tumorigenesis. We discuss PARP1's immunomodulatory effects in macrophages and T cells, with a particular focus on cytokine expression. Understanding these immunomodulatory roles of PARP1 not only holds promise for enhancing the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy but also paves the way for novel treatment regimens targeting immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.