The Electric Conductivity of Bi₇Fe₃Ti₃O₂₁ Doped with Gadolinium

Bi_7-GdFe₃Ti₃O₂₁ (x = (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6)) bismuth-layered perovskite structure compounds have been successfully prepared by a solid-state reaction. The results of X-ray studies indicate that a single-phase ceramic was obtained, characterized by an orthorhombic crystal structure for all compounds within the Fm2m space group. Microstructural analysis revealed that introducing gadolinium to the material altered the grain morphology, resulting in a more rounded grain shape and a somewhat disordered arrangement. Moreover, with higher gadolinium concentrations, there is a noticeable increase in the presence of the number of large plates. Impedance spectroscopy has been used to characterize the electrical properties of Bi_7-GdFe₃Ti₃O₂₁ compounds.