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Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console01:17

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Biases in Ecoacoustics Analysis: A Protocol to Equalize Audio Recorders.

Andrea Potenza1, Valentina Zaffaroni-Caorsi1, Roberto Benocci1

  • 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an audio recording equalization protocol to standardize soundscape data from different devices. This method reduces biases, enabling more accurate habitat and anthropophonic impact assessments in soundscape ecology.

Keywords:
biaseseco-acoustic indicesequalizationrecordersoundscape

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Bioacoustics
  • Environmental Monitoring

Background:

  • Eco-acoustic indices offer rapid habitat and anthropophonic impact evaluation.
  • Inconsistent recorder characteristics lead to incomparable study results and trends.
  • Standardization is crucial for reliable soundscape ecology and habitat assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate an audio recording equalization protocol.
  • To reduce biases in eco-acoustic indices caused by varying soundscape recorder models.
  • To ensure accurate and comparable analyses across different soundscape studies.

Main Methods:

  • Tested three soundscape recorder models: Song Meter Micro, Soundscape Explorer Terrestrial, and Audiomoth.
  • Developed an equalization protocol aligning recorder signals to a type 1 sound level meter.
  • Utilized MATLAB R2023a with a reference white noise signal in an anechoic chamber for filter curve generation.

Main Results:

  • The equalization protocol was statistically validated using recordings from urban and Regional Park sites in Italy.
  • A significant reduction in eco-acoustic indices' biases was observed for the Song Meter Micro and Audiomoth recorders.
  • The protocol demonstrated effectiveness in harmonizing data from different audio sensors.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed audio equalization protocol effectively reduces biases in eco-acoustic indices.
  • This standardization enhances the comparability of soundscape data across different recording devices.
  • The protocol supports more accurate ecological and anthropophonic impact assessments in soundscape research.