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How infants predict respect-based power.

Francesco Margoni1, Lotte Thomsen2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Social Studies, University of Stavanger, Norway.

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|July 30, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants expect leaders to be obeyed, even when absent. Research shows 21-month-olds recognized bowing as a cue for legitimate leadership, suggesting an evolved capacity.

Keywords:
AuthorityBowingInfancyLeadershipRespect-based powerSocial dominanceSocial hierarchy

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Infants can identify legitimate leadership and predict obedience to authority.
  • The specific cues infants use to infer leadership remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate which cues 21-month-old infants use to predict continued obedience to authority, a marker of legitimate leadership.
  • To determine if bowing, receiving tribute, conferring benefits, imposing costs, or relative physical size signal leadership to infants.

Main Methods:

  • Eight pre-registered experiments were conducted with 128 Norwegian 21-month-olds.
  • Participants observed scenarios where protagonists interacted with a character using various cues.
  • Expectations of continued obedience were assessed based on the cues presented.

Main Results:

  • Bowing was sufficient to generate the expectation of continued obedience.
  • Positive Bayesian evidence indicated that tribute, benefits, costs, and physical size did not generate this expectation.

Conclusions:

  • Bowing serves as a cue for legitimate leadership in 21-month-old infants.
  • This suggests an evolutionarily informed, early-developing capacity to represent leadership, potentially independent of direct experience with bowing.