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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Advanced Cardiac Rhythm Management by Applying Optogenetic Multi-Site Photostimulation in Murine Hearts
Published on: August 26, 2021
Non-invasive Neuromodulation of Arrhythmias
Kassem Farhat1, Sunny S Po1, Stavros Stavrakis1
1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.
None:
The autonomic nervous system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effect of neuromodulation at multiple anatomic targets across the neurocardiac axis for the treatment of arrhythmias. In this review, we discuss the rationale and clinical application of noninvasive neuromodulation techniques in treating arrhythmias and explore associated barriers and future directions, including optimization of stimulation parameters and patient selection.
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