Recent advances in fluorescent probes for ATP imaging

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Cell Biology
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy currency in cells, crucial for mitochondrial and cellular functions.
• Altered ATP levels are linked to diseases like cancer, neurodegeneration, ischemia, and hypoglycemia.
• Accurate monitoring of intracellular ATP is vital for understanding cellular processes and disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review and classification of fluorescent sensors for ATP detection developed in the last five years.
• To evaluate the current challenges and future potential of fluorescence imaging probes for intracellular ATP monitoring.
• To inspire the design of novel and effective ATP-sensing probes.

Main Methods:

• Classification of fluorescent ATP sensors based on fluorophores, structure, multi-response channels, and application.
• Review of recent advancements in ATP probe development and their utilization in biological samples.
• Evaluation of the strengths and limitations of existing ATP detection methodologies.

Main Results:

• Categorization of fluorescent ATP sensors developed within the last five years.
• Identification of key trends in sensor design, including diverse fluorophores and structural motifs.
• Assessment of the application scope of these probes in visualizing ATP in living cells.

Conclusions:

• Fluorescent probes are essential tools for monitoring intracellular ATP levels and understanding cellular health.
• Continued innovation in probe design is needed to address current challenges in ATP sensing.
• The development of advanced ATP probes promises significant progress in biomedical research and diagnostics.