Deciphering Annona's Anticancer Potential: Comparative Analysis of Crude Extract Versus Nanoformulation on SCC-25...

Area of Science:

• Phytochemistry
• Cancer Biology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Annona muricata, a plant known for its acetogenins, exhibits potential anticancer properties.
• Oral cancer, specifically Squamous Cell Carcinoma-25 (SCC-25) cell lines, remains a significant health concern requiring novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate and compare the anticancer activity of Annona muricata crude extract and its nano formulation.
• To investigate the effects on SCC-25 oral cancer cell lines.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of Annona muricata crude extract and nano formulation.
• Treatment of SCC-25 cell lines with varying concentrations of both extract and nano formulation.
• Assessment of anticancer activity using cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential assays.

Main Results:

• The Annona nano formulation showed lower IC50 values than the crude extract.
• Both treatments induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest, with the nano formulation showing a more significant effect.
• The nano formulation exhibited higher late apoptosis induction and significant reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production compared to the crude extract and control.

Conclusions:

• Both Annona muricata crude extract and its nano formulation possess significant anticancer activity against SCC-25 oral cancer cells.
• The nano formulation of Annona muricata demonstrates enhanced efficacy, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for oral cancer.