Canine paroxysmal dyskinesia-a review

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Neurology
• Movement Disorders

Background:

• Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PDs) are episodic, involuntary hyperkinetic movements without loss of consciousness.
• Canine PDs are clinically classified into paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD), and paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia (PED).

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of reported canine paroxysmal dyskinesias.
• To emphasize phenotype, genotype, pathophysiology, and treatment for each type of canine PD.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on canine paroxysmal dyskinesias.
• Clinical and etiological classification of canine PDs.
• Emphasis on video recording for phenomenological diagnosis.

Main Results:

• Detailed description of three main clinical types of canine PDs (PKD, PNKD, PED).
• Etiological classification includes genetic, reactive, structural, and unknown causes.
• Information on diagnosis, including phenomenology and video analysis.

Conclusions:

• Canine PDs are a diverse group of movement disorders requiring accurate classification.
• Understanding phenotype, genotype, and etiology is crucial for effective management.
• This review serves as a resource for diagnosing and treating canine PDs.