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Association between Combined Metals and PFAS Exposure with Dietary Patterns: A Preliminary Study
Augustina Odediran1,2, Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi1,2
1Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
Chronic diseases are rising, with diet and pollutants like PFAS and heavy metals playing a role. This study found cadmium and mercury exposures are linked to the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), highlighting cumulative environmental risks.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Toxicology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Rising global burden of chronic diseases linked to diet and environmental pollutants.
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and heavy metals are suspected contributors.
- The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) measures diet's inflammatory potential, but its interaction with pollutants is understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate associations between DII and exposures to lead, cadmium, mercury, PFOA, and PFOS.
- Utilize NHANES 2017-2018 data for cross-sectional analysis.
- Explore individual and combined pollutant effects on diet's inflammatory potential.
Main Methods:
- Descriptive statistics, correlational analysis, and linear regression.
- Bayesian kernel Machine regression (BKMR) to assess non-linear and interactive effects.
- Analysis of exposure-response relationships and interactions between PFAS, metals, and DII.
Main Results:
- Linear regression showed significant associations between DII and cadmium and mercury.
- BKMR revealed complex relationships, with cadmium positively and mercury negatively associated with DII.
- Cadmium showed a robust positive association with DII across various pollutant quantiles; mercury showed a negative association.
Conclusions:
- Environmental metals (mercury, cadmium) and PFAS are associated with DII.
- Findings highlight intricate relationships and cumulative effects of multi-pollutant exposures.
- Further research needed on mechanistic pathways and causality for dietary risks from environmental pollutants.
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