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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
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Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
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Deconvolution, also known as inverse filtering, is the process of extracting the impulse response from known input and output signals. This technique is vital in scenarios where the system's characteristics are unknown, and they must be inferred from the observable signals.
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Convergence of Fourier Series01:21

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The Fourier series is a powerful mathematical tool for representing periodic signals as an infinite sum of complex exponentials. In practice, this infinite series is truncated to a finite number of terms, yielding a partial sum. This truncation makes the approximation of the signal feasible but introduces certain challenges, particularly near discontinuities, known as the Gibbs phenomenon.
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Three-dimensional Optical-resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy
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Tutorial on phantoms for photoacoustic imaging applications.

Lina Hacker1, James Joseph2,3, Ledia Lilaj4

  • 1University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Journal of Biomedical Optics
|August 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Standardized methods for photoacoustic imaging (PAI) system testing are lacking. This tutorial provides guidance on developing tissue-mimicking phantoms for PAI to improve device evaluation and calibration.

Keywords:
calibrationphantomphotoacoustic imagingstandardization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Medical Physics
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a promising emerging technology with broad clinical potential.
  • Lack of standardized testing methods hinders objective evaluation, calibration, and comparison of PAI devices.
  • Development of reliable tissue-mimicking phantoms is crucial for PAI advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide structured guidance for developing tissue-mimicking phantoms for photoacoustic imaging.
  • To summarize recommendations for phantom development to harmonize standardization and calibration efforts in PAI.
  • To offer a framework for PAI phantom development applicable to acoustic and optical imaging.

Main Methods:

  • A consensus exercise by the International Photoacoustic Standardization Consortium defined recommendations.
  • Recommendations cover seven key steps in phantom development.
  • Guidance includes understanding PAI, defining terminology, material properties, characterization, design, and reproducibility.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive framework for tissue-mimicking phantom development in PAI is presented.
  • Recommendations address general understanding, terminology, purpose, material properties, characterization, design, and reproducibility.
  • The framework aims to standardize phantom development for PAI applications.

Conclusions:

  • The tutorial establishes a structured approach for creating tissue-mimicking phantoms for PAI.
  • This framework will streamline PAI system testing and facilitate technology translation.
  • Standardized phantoms are essential for advancing PAI and its clinical applications.