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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1
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The monkeypox virus-host interplays.

Xue-Mei Yi1, Ya-Li Lei1, Mi Li1

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases (2019RU063), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.

Cell Insight
|August 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 2022 mpox outbreak highlights the need to understand monkeypox virus (MPXV) biology and host immune responses. This review covers MPXV features, immunity, evasion, and prevention strategies for this zoonotic threat.

Keywords:
Antiviral immunityImmune evasionMonkeypox virusPathogenicity

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a Poxviridae family member, causes zoonotic infections.
  • The 2022 non-endemic mpox outbreak poses a significant global health threat.
  • Understanding MPXV is crucial for developing effective countermeasures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological characteristics of MPXV.
  • To summarize host immune responses and viral immune evasion strategies.
  • To discuss mpox pathogenicity and prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of MPXV biology and pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of host-pathogen interactions in mpox.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on antiviral immunity and immune escape.

Main Results:

  • MPXV possesses unique biological features influencing its transmission and virulence.
  • Host immune responses are critical but often circumvented by viral immune evasion tactics.
  • Effective prevention strategies require a comprehensive understanding of the virus.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into MPXV biology and host interactions is essential.
  • Developing novel antiviral therapies and enhancing surveillance are key priorities.
  • Proactive public health measures are necessary to control mpox outbreaks.