Benefit delayed immunosenescence by regulating CD4⁺T cells: A promising therapeutic target for aging-related diseases

CD4⁺T cells play a notable role in immune protection at different stages of life. During aging, the interaction between the body's internal and external environment and CD4⁺T cells results in a series of changes in the CD4⁺T cells pool making it involved in immunosenescence. Many studies have extensively examined the subsets and functionality of CD4⁺T cells within the immune system, highlighted their pivotal role in disease pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic interventions. However, the underlying mechanism of CD4⁺T cells senescence and its intricate association with diseases remains to be elucidated and comprehensively understood. By summarizing the immunosenescent progress and network of CD4⁺T cell subsets, we reveal the crucial role of CD4⁺T cells in the occurrence and development of age-related diseases. Furthermore, we provide new insights and theoretical foundations for diseases targeting CD4⁺T cell subsets aging as a treatment focus, offering novel approaches for therapy, especially in infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and other diseases in the elderly.