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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
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Detecting and Addressing Secondary Neural Injuries in Cranial Surgery: Case Report.

Justin W Silverstein1,2, James Duehr3, Sabena Vilaysom2

  • 1Department of Neurology, North Shore University Hospital/Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, New York, USA.

The Neurodiagnostic Journal
|August 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) detected an infiltrated intravenous line during cranial surgery, a novel application. This early detection prevented complications and ensured the patient

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurophysiology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

Keywords:
Brain surgeryneuromonitoringneurophysiologypositional issuestumor

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  • Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is crucial for preventing neurological deficits in cranial and spinal surgeries.
  • While IONM effectively detects limb malposition, its role in identifying other secondary neural injuries during cranial procedures is less explored.
  • This study focuses on a specific case to highlight IONM's broader utility.