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Cannabis use patterns and association with hyperemesis: A comprehensive review
William L Hasler1, Omayma Alshaarawy2, Thangam Venkatesan3
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Neurogastroenterology and Motility
|August 21, 2024
Summary
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is linked to long-term, high-dose cannabis use and shares symptoms with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS). Abstinence from cannabis is key for CHS management, despite patient skepticism.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pharmacology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cannabis use is increasing due to broader acceptance, legalization, and perceived health benefits.
- Potency of cannabis products has significantly risen, with higher delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content.
- Cannabis exhibits antiemetic properties, with cannabinoid pharmaceuticals used for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review cannabis use patterns in the US.
- To discuss the diagnosis and management of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS).
- To identify knowledge gaps concerning CHS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of cannabis use patterns.
- Analysis of diagnostic criteria for CHS.
- Examination of treatment strategies for CHS, including cannabis abstinence.
Main Results:
- 40-80% of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) patients use cannabis for symptom relief.
- CHS presents similarly to CVS but is linked to chronic, high-dose cannabis use.
- Compulsive hot-water bathing is common in CHS, but also observed in CVS patients.
Conclusions:
- Cannabis abstinence is the cornerstone of CHS management.
- Patient skepticism and perceived cannabis benefits pose challenges to treatment.
- Episodic vomiting from cannabis use leads to significant healthcare utilization.
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