Genicular Artery Embolization: Embolic Material and Imaging Review.

Area of Science:

• Interventional Radiology
• Orthopedics
• Vascular Medicine

Background:

• Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease causing significant pain and disability.
• Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is an emerging minimally invasive treatment for refractory knee OA pain, particularly in non-surgical candidates.
• GAE targets inflammatory and neoangiogenic pathways implicated in OA pain generation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in embolic materials for GAE.
• To examine the properties and benefits of novel embolic agents.
• To discuss the role of pre-, intra-, and postprocedural imaging in optimizing GAE outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on recent clinical trials and studies.
• Analysis of embolic materials, including their characteristics and clinical performance.
• Evaluation of imaging modalities such as MRI for procedural guidance and outcome assessment.

Main Results:

• GAE has demonstrated efficacy in reducing pain and improving function in patients with knee OA.
• Advancements in embolic materials offer improved targeting and sustained embolization.
• Optimized imaging protocols enhance procedural accuracy and patient selection.

Conclusions:

• GAE is a viable therapeutic option for managing knee OA pain.
• Novel embolic materials and advanced imaging techniques are enhancing GAE's clinical utility.
• Further research is warranted to refine GAE protocols and expand its applications.