Implementation and Scale-up of Telemonitoring in the Netherlands

The healthcare system requires reforms for equitable and sustainable care. Telemonitoring offers a solution, yet its implementation lacks research. In the Netherlands, University Medical Centers (UMCs) lead healthcare transformation through the Citrien-2 network, scaling up three telemonitoring programs from 2020 to 2022. An uncontrolled before-after study design was used to evaluate upscaling. Primary outcomes focused on telemonitoring normalization using the Normalisation Process Theory (NoMAD). Secondary outcomes included patient uptake and qualitative analyses. Results show implementation across projects and UMCs, with overall increased patient uptake. Healthcare professionals perceive telemonitoring positively, but challenges persist in integrating it into workflows. Continuous assessment is crucial for addressing implementation complexities and maximizing telemonitoring's impact on healthcare delivery.