Individualized EEG-Based Neurofeedback Targeting Auditory Steady-State Responses: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cognitive Science
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Gamma-band brain oscillations (>30 Hz) are crucial for cognitive functions and altered in neuropsychiatric disorders.
• Existing neurofeedback (NFB) systems targeting gamma activity often lack personalization.
• Developing individualized NFB is essential for effective neuromodulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate an individualized electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback (NFB) system targeting individual gamma frequency (IGF).
• To assess the system's efficacy in modulating IGF in healthy volunteers.
• To explore the relationship between NFB training success and IGF modulation.

Main Methods:

• Developed an individualized EEG-NFB system using chirp-modulated auditory stimulation to determine IGF (30-60 Hz).
• Trained 46 healthy volunteers to increase or decrease their IGF using real-time visual feedback and auditory steady-state stimulation.
• Assessed IGF modulation by comparing high-responders and control groups post-training.

Main Results:

• Participants trained to modulate IGF showed significant modulation compared to controls.
• High-responders demonstrated greater IGF modulation than the control group.
• No significant differences in IGF modulation were observed across sessions or NFB repetitions.

Conclusions:

• The developed individualized EEG-NFB system shows potential for modulating IGF.
• This approach may offer a personalized strategy for neuromodulation targeting gamma-band activity.
• Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and clinical applications in patient populations.