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Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Oral Cancer -A single institute-based study from Nepal.

N K Chaurasia¹, C Upadhyaya¹, S Dulal¹

¹Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.

Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ)

|August 29, 2024

Summary

Oral cancer, primarily squamous cell carcinoma, is prevalent in South East Asia, with tobacco smoking being the leading risk factor. The gingiva is the most common site affected by this disease.

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Modeling Oral-Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in 3D Organoids

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Published on: December 23, 2022

Area of Science:

Oncology
Public Health
Epidemiology

Background:

Oral and lip cancer is a significant health concern, particularly in the male population of South East Asia.
Deleterious habits, including tobacco and alcohol use, are primary risk factors, contributing to the disease's multifactorial nature.
Limited awareness and knowledge regarding oral cancer and its risk factors exacerbate its incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and patterns of oral cancer.
To identify the key risk factors associated with oral cancer development.

Main Methods:

A retrospective analysis of hospital records for patients with histopathologically confirmed oral cancer from November 2011 to December 2021.
Data collection included patient demographics (age, sex), identified risk factors, and the anatomical site of oral cancer.
Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis and presentation.

Main Results:

Out of 582 biopsies, 312 (53.6%) confirmed oral cancer cases were identified.
Squamous cell carcinoma constituted the vast majority (94.27%) of oral cancer diagnoses.
The most common risk factor was smoking (34.7%), and the gingiva was the most frequently affected site (42.6%).
Males (66.7%) were more frequently diagnosed than females (37.1%), with a mean age of 56.2 years.

Conclusions:

Squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant histological type of oral cancer.
The gingiva represents the most common anatomical location for oral cancer.
Tobacco smoking is identified as the primary risk factor contributing to the development of oral cancer.