Implantable antennas for biomedical applications: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Electromagnetics
• Materials Science

Background:

• Implantable antennas are essential components of implantable medical devices (IMDs).
• Their design and performance are significantly influenced by the biological environment.
• Advancements in antenna technology are crucial for improving IMD functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of implantable antennas for biomedical applications.
• To discuss the design considerations, challenges, and recent advancements in this field.
• To highlight the diverse applications of implantable antennas in modern medicine.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on implantable antennas.
• Analysis of design principles, materials, and operating mechanisms.
• Examination of challenges, limitations, and recent technological progress.

Main Results:

• Implantable antennas require careful consideration of factors like placement, frequency, and power.
• Challenges include limited space, biocompatibility, tissue effects, and signal interference.
• Recent advances focus on wireless power, multiband operation, and miniaturization.

Conclusions:

• Implantable antennas are critical for the advancement of IMDs and bioelectronic medicine.
• Future research will likely focus on further miniaturization and enhanced performance in biological environments.
• These antennas hold significant potential for novel medical implants and improved patient care.