Virtual modelling of the impact of torsional loading on osteoporotic vertebrae buckling

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical response or load transfer on the osteoporotic L1 vertebra under torsional loading. Methods: To achieve this goal, a numerical model of osteoporotic vertebra in various trabecular bone degenerations was developed and tested. The mechanical behavior of the model was represented taking into account the anisotropic properties of the cancellous bone, which provided a more realistic mechanical picture of the biological subsystem. To ensure the reliability of osteoporotic degradation, the thinning of cortical bone and the appearance of gaps between trabecular bone and cortical bone were also taken into account when creating the models. Results: Finite element (FE) analysis showed that the deformations of cortical bone thinning and detachment of the cortical bone from the trabecular tissue lead to local instability of the vertebra. As a result, the cortical bone of a vertebra loses its load-bearing capacity, even if the strength limit is not reached. Conclusions: The results obtained allow us to state that taking into account the thinning of the trabeculae, which creates voids, is extremely important for load-bearing capacity of osteoporotic vertebrae. However, a limitation of this study is the lack of experimental data to ensure consistency with the computer simulation results.