Recent advances in solid phase microextraction with various geometries in environmental analysis

Area of Science:

• Environmental Analytical Chemistry
• Green Chemistry
• Sample Preparation Techniques

Background:

• Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a versatile, solvent-free sample preparation technique.
• SPME is widely used for analyzing environmental pollutants like POPs, VOCs, and pesticides.
• Biocompatible coatings and optimized geometries enhance SPME performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evolution and applications of SPME in environmental analysis.
• To highlight recent innovations and future prospects of SPME.
• To compare SPME with other extraction techniques.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on SPME advancements.
• Analysis of SPME applications in water, air, and soil matrices.
• Discussion of SPME's advantages and disadvantages.

Main Results:

• SPME significantly reduces solvent usage, aligning with green chemistry principles.
• Innovations in SPME coatings and geometries have improved extraction efficiency.
• SPME is effective for preconcentrating diverse compounds from complex environmental samples.

Conclusions:

• SPME is a valuable, sustainable technique for environmental monitoring.
• Further advancements in SPME offer potential for greener analytical methods.
• This review provides a resource for researchers in sustainable environmental analysis.