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Related Concept Videos

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments
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Recapitulating the Cancer-Immunity Cycle on a Chip.

Yujin Lee1, Jaehong Min2, Solbin Kim1

  • 1Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|September 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microphysiological systems (MPS) offer advanced models to study the cancer-immunity cycle. These organ-on-a-chip and organoid platforms enhance understanding of tumor-immune interactions for better immunotherapy development.

Keywords:
Immune systemcancer‐immunity cyclemicrophysiological systemsorgan‐on‐a‐chiptumor microenvironment

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Monitoring the Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Exploring Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The cancer-immunity cycle describes immune interactions with tumors, crucial for immunotherapy.
  • Understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME) is key, but complex.
  • Current models have limitations in replicating in vivo dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in microphysiological systems (MPS) for modeling the cancer-immunity cycle.
  • To evaluate MPS applications in studying TME and immune responses.
  • To guide future immunotherapy development using these novel platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of organ-on-a-chip, organoid, and bioprinting technologies.
  • Focus on microphysiological systems (MPS) that mimic the TME.
  • Analysis of how MPS model cancer progression and immune evasion.

Main Results:

  • MPS provide physiologically relevant models of the cancer-TME-immune system.
  • These systems allow detailed study of each phase of the cancer-immunity cycle.
  • MPS facilitate research into immune evasion and therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • MPS are powerful tools for dissecting the cancer-immunity cycle.
  • They offer enhanced understanding of tumor-immune dynamics.
  • MPS pave the way for next-generation immunotherapies.