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Related Concept Videos

Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

51
Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
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Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
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Behavioral and brain morphological changes before and after hemispherotomy.

Hao Yu1, Yijun Chen2, Ziyu Bao2

  • 1Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.

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|September 3, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hemispherotomy surgery shows brain changes that help children recover from epilepsy. Gray matter volume changes in specific brain areas predict recovery, especially in the cerebellum after right-sided surgery.

Keywords:
epilepsygray matter volumehemispherotomymagnetic resonance imagingplasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Hemispherotomy is a successful epilepsy surgery for diffuse unihemispheric lesions.
  • Postoperative neuroplasticity and its link to behavioral recovery after hemispherotomy are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gray matter volume (GMV) changes after left or right hemispherotomy.
  • To analyze the relationship between GMV changes and behavioral recovery.
  • To explore the predictive value of preoperative imaging for postoperative outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Compared pre- and post-surgery GMV in pediatric patients (29 left, 28 right hemispherotomy).
  • Used normative modeling with 2115 healthy children to derive age-adjusted GMV.
  • Correlated GMV changes with behavioral scores.

Main Results:

  • Both groups showed GMV increases in the contralateral cerebrum and ipsilateral cerebellum.
  • Both groups exhibited GMV decreases in the contralateral cerebellum.
  • Left hemispherotomy patients uniquely showed GMV decreases in the contralateral cingulate gyrus.
  • Contralateral cerebellar GMV decrease correlated with behavioral improvement in right hemispherotomy patients.
  • Preoperative GMV predicted postoperative behavioral scores in both groups.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroplasticity, particularly in the contralateral cerebellum, plays a role in behavioral recovery after right hemispherotomy.
  • Preoperative brain imaging can predict postsurgical behavioral outcomes in pediatric hemispherotomy patients.