Squaraine-Linked Magnetic Covalent Organic Framework as a Solid-Phase Extraction Absorbent to Determine Trace...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Food Safety

Background:

• Phenylpyrazoles are common pesticides in food, necessitating sensitive detection methods.
• Existing methods for phenylpyrazole extraction from food matrices can be complex and inefficient.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop advanced magnetic covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) for efficient phenylpyrazole extraction.
• To establish a sensitive analytical method for detecting trace phenylpyrazoles in diverse food samples.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis of squaraine-linked zwitterionic core-shell MCOFs.
• Application of MCOFs in magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE).
• Analysis using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Main Results:

• The MCOFs demonstrated excellent performance in MSPE for phenylpyrazole detection.
• The developed UPLC-MS/MS method showed good linearity (R² ≥ 0.9930) over 1-800 µg L⁻¹.
• Achieved low limits of detection (0.01-0.50 µg kg⁻¹) and quantification (0.04-1.72 µg kg⁻¹).
• High recovery rates (70.96-115.32%) were obtained across various food matrices.
• Successfully detected phenylpyrazoles in commercial egg, poultry, milk, jujube, cabbage, tea, and rice.

Conclusions:

• The developed MCOF-based MSPE-UPLC-MS/MS method provides a sensitive and efficient approach for phenylpyrazole detection.
• This strategy offers a new pathway for multi-target extraction and purification in complex food samples.
• The method holds potential for routine monitoring of phenylpyrazole residues in the food industry.