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The developing hippocampus: Microstructural evolution through childhood and adolescence
Bradley G Karat1,2, Sila Genc3,4, Erika P Raven4,5
1Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|September 4, 2024
Summary
This study reveals distinct developmental patterns of neurites and cell bodies in the hippocampus during childhood and adolescence, using advanced MRI techniques to map microstructural changes in brain development.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- The hippocampus is crucial for cognitive functions, but its microstructural development during childhood and adolescence is understudied.
- Most research focuses on macrostructural changes (e.g., volume), neglecting micron-scale development.
- Understanding hippocampal microstructure development is key to explaining cognitive maturation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate age-related changes in hippocampal microstructure in children and adolescents (8-19 years).
- To utilize advanced diffusion MRI models (DTI, NODDI, SANDI) for detailed microstructural analysis.
- To explore variations in developmental trajectories across hippocampal subfields and along its long axis.
Main Methods:
- Employed ultra-strong gradient diffusion MRI (300 mT/m) in 88 children and adolescents.
- Combined surface-based hippocampal modeling with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), Neurite Orientation Dispersion Density Imaging (NODDI), and Soma And Neurite Density Imaging (SANDI).
- Correlated diffusion imaging findings with histological data to interpret microstructural changes.
Main Results:
- No significant macrostructural changes (volume, gyrification, thickness) were observed.
- Significant age-related changes in neurite density, extracellular fraction, and mean diffusivity were detected.
- MR apparent soma radius showed a negative correlation with age in specific hippocampal subfields (subiculum, CA1).
- Variability in microstructural development was noted across hippocampal subfields and along the long axis.
Conclusions:
- This study provides the first detailed report on distinct neurite and soma developmental profiles in the human hippocampus during late childhood and adolescence.
- Observed microstructural changes suggest significant developmental processes occurring at the cellular and neurite level.
- Findings highlight the importance of microstructural analysis for understanding brain development and cognitive function.
