Acute exercise-induced inflammatory and thrombotic response in hypertensive patients
Charalampos I Liakos1, Constantina Aggeli2, Konstantinos P Toutouzas2
1Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 V. Sofias Avenue, 11527, Athens, Greece. bliakos@med.uoa.gr.
European Journal of Applied Physiology
|September 9, 2024
Summary
Vigorous exercise increases inflammatory and thrombotic markers more in hypertensive patients than in healthy individuals. This suggests a heightened risk for cardiovascular events in hypertensive individuals after intense physical activity.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Exercise Science
- Hypertension Research
Background:
- Vigorous physical activity can trigger acute coronary syndromes, particularly in sedentary individuals with cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension.
- Key mechanisms involve inflamed coronary plaque rupture and coagulation cascade activation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the acute effects of exercise on inflammatory and thrombotic responses in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive individuals.
- To assess differences in exercise-induced changes in specific biomarkers between these groups.
Main Methods:
- Maximal treadmill exercise testing was performed on 60 untreated hypertensive patients and 65 normotensive controls, excluding those with inflammatory conditions or coronary artery disease.
- Blood samples were analyzed at rest and immediately post-exercise for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), white blood cell (WBC) count, interleukin-6 (IL-6), total fibrinogen (TF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity.
Main Results:
- All measured biomarkers, except PAI-1, increased post-exercise. PAI-1 activity decreased significantly in both groups.
- After adjusting for exercise intensity and other confounders, hypertensive patients exhibited significantly greater exercise-induced increases in hsCRP, SAA, and WBC compared to normotensive individuals.
- Changes in IL-6 and TF levels were similar between groups, while PAI-1 decrease was more pronounced in hypertensive patients.
Conclusions:
- The acute exercise-induced inflammatory and thrombotic response is more pronounced in untreated hypertensive patients than in normotensive controls.
- These findings suggest a potentially higher susceptibility to exercise-related cardiovascular events in hypertensive individuals.
- Further research is warranted to explore the clinical implications of these heightened responses.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
746
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
746
01:18Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure
1.9K
Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
1.9K
01:26Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System
398
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
398
01:17Exercise and Cardiac Output
943
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
943
01:30Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
500
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
500
01:17Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers
320
β1-receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. In cardiac myocytes, these receptors interact with neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous system during heightened activity or danger. As a result, β1-receptors get activated, initiating a series of biochemical processes. Excessive activation of beta receptors due to chronic stress can abnormally increase heart rate and contractility, resulting in high blood pressure or hypertension. To counteract this,...
320