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"It's a Good Idea to Put It Into Words": Writing 'Rudders' in the Initial Stages of Visualization Design.

Chase Stokes, Clara Hu, Marti A Hearst

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    Writing can guide visualization design. Designers found writing questions and conclusions beneficial, with narratives useful in creation, enhancing the visualization design process.

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    Area of Science:

    • Information Visualization
    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Design Studies

    Background:

    • Written language is integral to creative processes like essay writing and search planning.
    • The systematic integration of writing into the visualization design process remains underexplored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how written language can be integrated into the visualization design process.
    • To introduce and evaluate the concept of a 'writing rudder' as a design strategy.
    • To understand designers' perceptions and adoption of writing-based design aids.

    Main Methods:

    • An interview study with 24 professional visualization designers to assess current writing practices.
    • A second study with 15 designers evaluating four specific 'writing rudder' variants: questions, conclusions, narratives, and titles.
    • Qualitative analysis of designer feedback and reported usability.

    Main Results:

    • A minority of designers currently use writing systematically in their visualization design workflow.
    • Designers responded positively to structured writing approaches, recognizing their benefits.
    • Writing questions and conclusions were perceived as beneficial throughout the design process.
    • Writing narratives showed particular promise during the initial creation stage of visualization design.
    • Potential bias concerns were identified, alongside proposed mitigation strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • Explicitly writing down design components, guided by 'writing rudders,' can enhance the visualization design process.
    • Writing questions and conclusions offer broad utility, while narratives are valuable for ideation.
    • The 'writing rudder' concept presents a lightweight, actionable addition to visualization design methodologies.
    • Further research can explore the interplay between language and visualization design to optimize creative workflows.