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Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Predicting Molecular Geometry

Predicting Molecular Geometry

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Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

Octahedral molybdenum iodide clusters with pyrazole or pyrazolate ligands.

Ksenia S Kozlova^1,2, Alexey S Berezin¹, Natalia V Kuratieva¹

¹Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. ivanov338@niic.nsc.ru.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

|September 13, 2024

Summary

Researchers developed a simple, cost-effective method to synthesize molybdenum iodide clusters. This new approach avoids harsh conditions and provides versatile starting materials for creating novel cluster compounds with organic ligands.

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Science
Coordination Chemistry

Background:

Octahedral molybdenum halide cluster complexes, [Mo6X8L6]n-, possess valuable properties like luminescence and X-ray contrast.
Conventional synthesis of these clusters often requires expensive reagents (silver salts) and stringent conditions (inert atmosphere, anhydrous solvents).
Hydrolysis products, aqua-hydroxo complexes, are typically viewed as unreactive end-products.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a straightforward and economical method for preparing molybdenum iodide clusters.
To demonstrate the utility of these clusters as precursors for synthesizing new organometallic compounds.
To investigate the reactivity and luminescence of the synthesized molybdenum clusters.

Main Methods:

Single-step synthesis of hexaaqua and hexahydroxo iodide clusters from [Mo6I14]2-.
Comprehensive characterization using techniques suitable for solid-state and solution analyses.
Evaluation of reactivity towards organic ligands and assessment of luminescence properties.

Main Results:

A facile and affordable single-step preparation of hexaaqua and hexahydroxo molybdenum iodide clusters was achieved.
These aqua-hydroxo clusters were successfully utilized as starting materials for synthesizing complexes with pyrazole ligands.
Detailed characterization confirmed the structure and properties of the new compounds, including their reactivity and luminescence.

Conclusions:

The developed method offers a simple, cost-effective alternative for synthesizing molybdenum iodide clusters.
The synthesized aqua-hydroxo clusters serve as versatile precursors for functionalized molybdenum cluster compounds.
This research expands the synthetic accessibility and potential applications of octahedral molybdenum halide clusters.