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Dynamic layer-specific processing in the prefrontal cortex during working memory.

Jonas Karolis Degutis1,2,3, Denis Chaimow4, Daniel Haenelt4

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Summary
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Superficial layers of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) preferentially process working memory (WM) load, with dynamic coding across task periods. This contrasts with non-differential involvement of superficial and deep layers in motor responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is crucial for working memory (WM).
  • The functional roles of specific cytoarchitectonic layers within the dlPFC during WM remain poorly understood.
  • Understanding laminar circuitry is key to deciphering dlPFC's contribution to cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate layer-specific activity in the human dlPFC during working memory tasks.
  • To examine how WM load and motor responses modulate activity across different dlPFC cortical layers.
  • To elucidate the functional laminar organization of the dlPFC in WM.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at ultra-high resolution was employed.
  • Participants performed a delayed-match-to-sample task to assess WM.
  • Layer-specific BOLD responses were analyzed in relation to WM load and motor demands.

Main Results:

  • Superficial dlPFC layers showed preferential activation in response to WM load during delay and retrieval.
  • Multivariate patterns encoding WM load in superficial layers exhibited dynamic changes across task phases.
  • Both superficial and deep dlPFC layers were similarly involved in motor response execution.

Conclusions:

  • Results reveal a lamina-specific functional organization within the dlPFC for working memory processing.
  • Superficial layers play a distinct role in WM load encoding, with dynamic representations.
  • The findings challenge previous notions of preferential deep layer involvement in motor responses within the dlPFC.