Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2025
Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
Published on: November 10, 2017
Importance of Dyslipidemias in Very Premature Coronary Artery Disease in India: A Registry-based Study
Aradhai Bana1, Krishna Kumar Sharma2, Sanjeev Kumar Sharma3
1Medical Student, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Insights
Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) in India is linked to family history, tobacco use, and dyslipidemias like high cholesterol and triglycerides. These risk factors are more prevalent in younger patients, highlighting the need for early intervention.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant cause of mortality in India.
- Identifying risk factors for premature CAD is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and analyze the prevalence of major risk factors in patients with premature CAD in India.
- To compare risk factor profiles across different age groups of CAD patients.
Main Methods:
- A registry-based study involving consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
- Patients were categorized into three groups: very premature CAD (<40 years), premature CAD (40-59 years), and non-premature CAD (>60 years).
- Prevalence of risk factors including family history, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and lipid profiles were assessed and compared between groups.
Main Results:
- A total of 627 patients were enrolled; 12.4% had very premature CAD, 66.9% premature CAD, and 20.4% non-premature CAD.
- Significant differences in risk factors were observed across groups: family history (p=0.005), smoking/tobacco use (p=0.002), hypertension (p<0.001), diabetes (p<0.001), total cholesterol (p=0.005), non-HDL cholesterol (p=0.001), and triglycerides (p=0.001).
- Age- and sex-adjusted analysis showed significantly higher odds of smoking/tobacco use, high total cholesterol, high non-HDL cholesterol, and high triglycerides in younger CAD groups compared to the non-premature group.
Conclusions:
- Key risk factors for premature CAD in India include a family history of CAD, tobacco use, and dyslipidemias (elevated total cholesterol, LDL, non-HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides).
- These findings underscore the importance of early screening and management of modifiable risk factors in younger populations to prevent premature CAD.
Background And Objective:
Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important cause of death in India. To identify risk factors in patients with premature CAD, we performed a registry-based study.
Methods:
Consecutive patients admitted for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from October 2020 to June 2021 were recruited. The patients were classified into three groups-group I (very premature CAD < 40 years), group II (premature CAD 40-59 years), and group III (nonpremature CAD > 60 years). Major risk factors were determined, and intergroup comparison was performed.
Results:
A total of 627 patients were enrolled (men 541, women 86). Group I had 79 (12.4%), group II had 420 (66.9%), and group III had 128 (20.4%) patients. The prevalence of risk factors in groups I, II, and III, respectively, were-CAD family history in 45.1, 41.1, and 26.6% (p = 0.005), current smoking/tobacco use in 29.1, 21.0, and 10.2% (p = 0.002), hypertension in 31.6, 43.6, and 59.4% (p < 0.001), and diabetes in 22.8, 34.3, and 46.1% (p < 0.001). High total cholesterol (>170 mg/dL) was present in 50.0, 38.0, and 29.9% (p = 0.005), nonhigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (>100 mg/dL) in 76.9, 64.4, and 54.5% (p = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (>70 mg/dL) in 85.9, 76.8, and 76.4% (p = 0.167), triglycerides (>150 mg/dL) in 56.4, 45.3, and 33.1% (p = 0.001), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (>30 mg/dL) in 24.4, 10.4, and 9.4% (p = 0.005). Age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for smoking/tobacco use in groups I and II compared to group III, respectively, were 3.17 (1.60-6.27) and 2.59 (1.51-4.46); high total cholesterol 2.39 (1.29-4.13) and 1.42 (0.92-2.17); high non-HDL cholesterol 2.70 (1.45-5.03) and 1.48 (0.99-2.20); and high triglycerides 2.57 (1.44-4.58) and 1.64 (1.08-2.49).
Conclusion:
Important coronary risk factors in very premature and premature CAD in India are a family history of CAD, any tobacco use, and dyslipidemias (raised total, LDL, non-HDL, and VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides).
More Related Videos
07:29Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
Published on: October 12, 2017
13:07Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
Published on: January 15, 2022
Related Concept Videos
01:25Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
01:29Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation
Considering cholesterol and...
01:18Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements
01:20Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents
01:17Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
01:24Overview of Lipid Metabolism
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...