Circulating CD31⁺ Angiogenic T cells are reduced in prediabetes and increase with exercise training

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Physiology
• Immunology
• Metabolic Health

Background:

• Prediabetes is characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
• Circulating angiogenic cells play a role in vascular health and repair.
• Reduced levels of specific angiogenic T cells may be associated with prediabetes complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate circulating angiogenic T cells in adults with prediabetes.
• To determine the effect of a structured exercise program on these cells and CVD risk factors.

Main Methods:

• Adults with normal glucose (NG) or prediabetes were randomized to an exercise or control (stretching) group for 12 weeks.
• Measurements included circulating angiogenic T cells (CD31+, VEGFR2+ T cells), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), muscle strength, and CVD risk factors.
• Analyses were conducted at baseline and after the 12-week intervention.

Main Results:

• Individuals with prediabetes had lower VO2peak, fewer CD31+CD8+ and VEGFR2+CD4+ T cells, and higher systolic blood pressure compared to NG individuals.
• CD31+ T cells showed a negative correlation with CVD risk.
• Exercise training significantly increased muscle strength, VO2peak, and CD31+ T cell populations in both NG and prediabetes groups.

Conclusions:

• Circulating angiogenic CD31+ T cells are diminished in individuals with prediabetes.
• Structured exercise training enhances CD31+ T cell levels.
• Exercise-induced increases in CD31+ T cells may represent a mechanism for reducing cardiovascular disease risk in prediabetes.