Advances in genotypic antimicrobialresistance testing: a comprehensive review.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Clinical Diagnostics
• Public Health

Background:

• Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, necessitating accurate detection for effective treatment and surveillance.
• Phenotypic antibiotic resistance testing (AST) is the clinical standard but faces limitations in widespread AMR surveillance.
• Genotypic AST presents a promising alternative with advantages in speed, sensitivity, and specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the principles, applications, and advancements of emerging genotypic AST methods.
• To highlight the scientific potential of genotypic AST in clinical AMR diagnosis.
• To provide insights for enhancing current methods and exploring novel approaches.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of emerging genotypic AST technologies.
• Discussion of principles and applications of methods like microfluidics, mass spectrometry, and high-resolution melting curve analysis.

Main Results:

• Genotypic AST technologies are rapidly advancing with expanding clinical applications.
• Emerging genotypic AST methods offer significant potential for timely and accurate AMR detection.
• These technologies can enhance existing diagnostic capabilities and inform novel approaches.

Conclusions:

• Genotypic AST is a valuable tool for clinical AMR diagnosis and surveillance.
• Continued development of genotypic AST will be crucial in combating the global AMR threat.
• Further research can optimize these methods for broader clinical implementation.