Wafer-Scale MgB₂ Superconducting Devices

Progress in superconducting device and detector technologies over the past decade has realized practical applications in quantum computers, detectors for far-infrared telescopes, and optical communications. Superconducting thin-film materials, however, have remained largely unchanged, with aluminum still being the material of choice for superconducting qubits and niobium compounds for high-frequency/high kinetic inductance devices. Magnesium diboride (MgB₂), known for its highest transition temperature (T_c = 39 K) among metallic superconductors, is a viable material for elevated temperature and higher frequency superconducting devices moving toward THz frequencies. However, difficulty in synthesizing wafer-scale thin films has prevented implementation of MgB₂ devices into the application base of superconducting electronics. Here, we report ultrasmooth (<0.5 nm root-mean-square roughness) and uniform MgB₂ thin (<100 nm) films over 100 mm in diameter and present prototype devices fabricated with these films demonstrating key superconducting properties including an internal quality factor over 10⁴ at 4.5 K and high tunable kinetic inductance in the order of tens of pH/sq in a 40 nm thick film. This advancement will enable development of elevated temperature, high-frequency superconducting quantum circuits, and devices.