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Nanobiocatalysis: Approach and Applications in Drug Development and Sensing
Sarika Gupta1, Meenu Kumari2, Koyel Panja2
1Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida U.P. 201303, India.
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems
|September 25, 2024
Summary
Scientists are transforming enzymes into nanobiocatalysts (NBCs) and nanozymes, offering enhanced stability and reusability for industrial applications. These engineered biocatalysts show promise in drug manufacturing and targeted drug delivery systems.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology and Nanotechnology
- Enzyme Engineering
- Materials Science
Background:
- Enzymes are crucial biological catalysts with significant industrial potential.
- Traditional enzymes face limitations in stability, shelf-life, and reusability.
- Nanobiocatalysts (NBCs) and nanozymes represent engineered enzyme-based nanomaterials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the synthesis and advantages of nanobiocatalysts and nanozymes.
- To highlight the applications of these nanomaterials in industrial processes and medicine.
- To discuss challenges overcome and future potential of enzyme-based nanomaterials.
Main Methods:
- Enzyme immobilization onto nanocarrier matrices (nanofibers, nanoporous carriers, nanocontainers).
- Synthesis techniques including adsorption, covalent binding, affinity immobilization, and entrapment.
- Discussion of specific applications and case studies.
Main Results:
- Nanobiocatalysts and nanozymes exhibit superior stability, extended shelf-life, and reusability compared to native enzymes.
- Successful application in industrial drug synthesis (sitagliptin, montelukast, pregabalin, atorvastatin) and detoxification (SSOPOX nanohybrid).
- Demonstrated potential in antibacterial applications (GQD/AGNP nanohybrid) and sensitive optical sensing.
Conclusions:
- Nanobiocatalysts and nanozymes offer significant advantages for industrial applications, overcoming limitations of traditional enzymes.
- These nanomaterials show broad applicability in drug production, targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and environmental remediation.
- Further development of nanozymes promises advancements in personalized medicine and advanced material design.
