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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery ALCAPA
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A Cardiologist's Perspective on Patent Foramen Ovale-Associated Conditions.

Bernhard Meier1

  • 1University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Cardiology Clinics
|September 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) affects 25% of people and can cause serious health issues. Early screening and closure of PFO are recommended for primary prevention, akin to a mechanical vaccination.

Keywords:
Device closureMechanical vaccinationMigraineMyocardial infarctionPatent foramen ovalePrimary preventionStrokeTransient ischemic attack

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Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale PFO: An Intervention Sequence
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Devices
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common condition affecting approximately 25% of the population.
  • Despite its prevalence, PFO often goes unrecognized and undertreated, with historical accounts dating back to the 19th century linking it to mortality.
  • A significant subset, around 5% of individuals, experience particularly dangerous complications arising from PFO.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the underappreciated health risks associated with patent foramen ovale (PFO).
  • To advocate for increased attention and screening for PFO, especially in at-risk populations.
  • To emphasize the potential benefits of PFO closure as a primary preventive measure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical case reports and epidemiological data on PFO prevalence.
  • Analysis of risk factors and potential complications associated with unrepaired PFO.
  • Evaluation of PFO closure as a preventive strategy.

Main Results:

  • PFO is found in about 25% of individuals, with 5% presenting high-risk forms.
  • The health risks associated with PFO are significant and historically documented.
  • PFO closure is presented as a simple and effective preventive intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Patent foramen ovale (PFO) poses a substantial, often overlooked, health threat.
  • Screening and closure of PFO, even for primary prevention, are warranted due to significant risks.
  • PFO closure is a minimally invasive procedure with potential to prevent serious adverse events, likened to a 'mechanical vaccination'.