Inpatient initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: the prescribing learning curve

We aimed to describe the safety and tolerability of initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) during hospitalisation with heart failure, and the frequency of, and reasons for, subsequent discontinuation. In total, 934 patients who were not already prescribed a SGLT2i were hospitalised with heart failure, 77 (8%) were initiated on a SGLT2i a median of five (3-8.5) days after admission and two (0.5-5) days prior to discharge. During a median follow-up of 182 (124-250) days, SGLT2i were discontinued for 10 (13%) patients, most frequently due to deteriorating renal function. We observed reductions in body weight (mean difference 2.0 ± 0.48 kg, p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (mean difference 9.5 ± 1.9 kg, p<0.001) and small, non-significant reductions in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR mean difference 2.0 ± 1.5 ml/min/1.73 m², p=0.19) prior to initiation, with further modest reductions in weight (mean difference 1.2 ± 0.4 kg, p=0.006) but not systolic blood pressure (2.4 ± 1.5 mmHg, p=0.13) or eGFR following initiation of SGLT2i. At discharge the proportion prescribed a beta blocker (44% to 92%), angiotensin-receptor/neprilysin inhibitor (6% to 44%) and mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonist (35% to 85%) had increased. In conclusion, inpatient initiation of SGLT2i was safe and well tolerated in a real-world cohort of patients hospitalised with worsening HF. We observed a 13% frequency of discontinuation or serious side effects.