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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

7.2K
A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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The human proteome size as a technological development function.

E V Sarygina1, A S Kozlova1, E A Ponomarenko1

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.

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|September 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human proteome has expanded significantly, with estimates now suggesting 5 to 125 million proteoforms due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) and alternative splicing (AS). This represents a 20-fold increase in identified protein variants over eight years.

Keywords:
alternative splicingneXtProtpost-translational modificationsproteoformsproteomicssingle-amino acid substitutions

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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mathematical models proposed in 2016 predicted the number of human proteoforms.
  • Analysis of changes in proteoform information within the neXtProt database since 2016.
  • Investigating the impact of post-translational modifications (PTMs), alternative splicing (AS), and single-amino acid polymorphisms (SAPs) on proteome complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the status of identified proteoforms in databases.
  • To identify trends in proteoform record quantities.
  • To compare current proteome size estimates with earlier predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of neXtProt database information.
  • Comparison of 2016 data with current information resources.
  • Correlation of proteome changes with new experimental and bioinformatic approaches for protein modification analysis.

Main Results:

  • The estimated number of human proteoforms has increased dramatically, ranging from 5 to 125 million.
  • This expansion is attributed to alternative splicing, single nucleotide polymorphisms at the proteomic level, and PTMs.
  • The human proteome size has potentially increased by over 20 times in the last eight years.

Conclusions:

  • Modern experimental methods and bioinformatic analyses reveal a vastly expanded human proteome.
  • The complexity of the human proteome is significantly underestimated by older models.
  • Continued database updates and advanced analytical techniques are crucial for understanding proteome dynamics.