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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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Development of a Bladder Injury Classification System for Endoscopic Procedures: A Mixed-methods Study Involving

Burak Akgül1, Atınc Tozsin1, Theodoros Tokas2

  • 1Department of Urology, Trakya University School of Medicine Hospital, Edirne, Turkey.

European Urology Focus
|September 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new Bladder Injury Classification System for Endoscopic Procedures (BICEP) standardizes bladder injury assessment during urologic surgeries. This expert-validated system offers clear guidelines for classifying and managing intraoperative complications.

Keywords:
Anatomical endoscopic enucleation of prostateBladder stoneClassificationComplicationEndourologyInjury

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Endoscopic Surgery
  • Medical Device Classification

Background:

  • Rapid advancements in endoscopic and laser bladder interventions necessitate standardized classification of iatrogenic bladder injuries.
  • Existing methods lack uniformity in grading injury severity and guiding management during procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Bladder Injury Classification System for Endoscopic Procedures (BICEP).
  • To establish a standardized system for classifying bladder injuries and intervention requirements during endoscopic procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods approach involving European Association of Urology experts.
  • Iterative refinement through focus groups, expert surveys, and revisions.
  • Face and content validity assessed via two-round expert surveys using a 5-point Likert scale.

Main Results:

  • The BICEP system categorizes injuries into ten subcategories (scores 0-4) based on severity and management needs.
  • Achieved 95% consensus for face validity (clarity, relevance, comprehensiveness).
  • Demonstrated strong content validity with high expert acceptance (average scores 4.53 and 4.58).

Conclusions:

  • The BICEP system is a robust, comprehensive classification with strong expert-validated face and content validity.
  • It provides a standardized basis for classifying and treating bladder injuries in endoscopic urology.
  • Further external validation is recommended for widespread adoption and efficacy.