Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

149
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
149
Endocarditis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

2
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
2
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

266
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
266
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

341
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
341
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

1.2K
Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
1.2K
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

148
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
148

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

DHDDS-related juvenile parkinsonism is caused by impaired lipid metabolism, glycosylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which can be rescued by NAD⁺ treatment.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Ocular involvement in toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital: a 10-year retrospective analysis and review of current literature.

Eye (London, England)·2026
Same author

Epidemiological Characteristics of the Spine Tumors in a Single Tertiary Centre of Nepal.

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)·2026
Same author

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Adherence among Female Community Health Volunteers Before and After an Educational Intervention.

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)·2026
Same author

Nonsyndromic Complete Second Branchial Cleft Fistulas: A Clinicosurgical Experience.

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)·2026
Same author

Phase II Open-Label Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Oxaliplatin and Cisplatin Based Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancers.

Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))·2026
Same journal

Burkitt`s Lymphoma Presenting as Ileocolic Intussusception in a 8 year old boy.

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)·2026
Same journal

Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema Following Septorhinoplasty.

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)·2026
Same journal

Corneal Deposits in a Jeweler: A case of ocular argyrosis.

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)·2026
Same journal

All on Four Implant Supported Denture -A zippy solution for complete edentulism.

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)·2026
Same journal

Eye Care Professionals' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on Myopia Management Approach: A Global Review.

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)·2026
Same journal

Breastfeeding Self-efficacy and Postnatal Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-sectional Study among Postnatal Women.

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
07:42

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

18.2K

Nail Changes Following Valproate Therapy.

S Shrestha1, A Pandey2, R Pathak3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Rapti Province Hospital, Dang, Tulsipur, Nepal.

Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ)
|September 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Valproic acid, used for seizures and mood disorders, can rarely cause nail changes like discoloration and roughness. These rare nail side effects are reversible upon stopping the medication.

More Related Videos

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
04:29

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

Published on: January 7, 2019

28.5K
Author Spotlight: Alleviating Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy with Safe and Effective Auricular Acupuncture
05:33

Author Spotlight: Alleviating Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy with Safe and Effective Auricular Acupuncture

Published on: August 4, 2023

1.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
07:42

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

18.2K
Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
04:29

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

Published on: January 7, 2019

28.5K
Author Spotlight: Alleviating Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy with Safe and Effective Auricular Acupuncture
05:33

Author Spotlight: Alleviating Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy with Safe and Effective Auricular Acupuncture

Published on: August 4, 2023

1.3K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Valproic acid is a common medication for epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraines.
  • Adverse effects of valproic acid are well-documented, but nail changes are rarely reported.
  • Existing literature on valproate-induced nail abnormalities is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document and characterize the nail changes associated with valproic acid (sodium valproate) use.
  • To determine if these nail changes are dose-dependent or related to treatment duration.
  • To assess the reversibility of valproate-induced nail abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical cases reporting nail changes during valproic acid therapy.
  • Clinical examination and photographic documentation of nail abnormalities.
  • Analysis of patient data including age, dosage, and duration of valproic acid treatment.

Main Results:

  • Reported nail changes include onycholysis, onychomadesis, nail roughness, brownish-yellow discoloration, and transverse yellow bands.
  • These nail abnormalities occurred irrespective of patient age, valproic acid dosage, or treatment duration.
  • Nail changes resolved after valproic acid discontinuation in reported cases.

Conclusions:

  • Valproic acid can rarely cause a spectrum of nail changes.
  • The occurrence of these nail changes is not linked to established pharmacokinetic factors like dose or duration.
  • Prompt recognition and discontinuation of valproic acid lead to reversal of nail abnormalities.