Cauda equina syndrome with beta thalassemia: a case report

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Hematology
• Spinal Surgery

Background:

• Cauda equina syndrome (CES) associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis in beta thalassemia is exceptionally rare.
• Limited case reports exist, highlighting varied treatment approaches and outcomes.

Observation:

• A 29-year-old male with beta thalassemia presented with acute back pain, lower limb numbness, and urinary incontinence.
• Physical examination revealed decreased anal tone and perianal sensation.
• Spinal MRI showed extramedullary hematopoiesis, disc protrusion, and cauda equina compression.

Findings:

• Surgical decompression and laminectomy led to symptom improvement in back pain and lower limbs over one year.
• Persistent sensory deficits and neurogenic bladder required continued urological care.

Implications:

• This case highlights the complex management of CES in beta thalassemia patients with extramedullary hematopoiesis.
• Further research and data collection are crucial due to the lack of established treatment guidelines.