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Lateral prefrontal cortex controls interplay between working memory and actions.

Anastasia Kiyonaga1, Jacob A Miller2, Mark D'Esposito3

  • 1University of California, San Diego.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maintaining working memory (WM) can influence ongoing actions, but the brain, specifically the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), helps control this interaction. Different PFC stimulation methods affect proactive and reactive control during these WM-motor tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Humans frequently manage multiple tasks and goals, requiring working memory (WM) to hold information while performing actions.
  • Active WM maintenance can unintentionally influence unrelated motor behaviors, a phenomenon known as goal-directed action interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate how working memory (WM) maintenance impacts motor action execution.
  • To elucidate the role of the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in mediating interactions between WM content and motor control using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed cued hand movements while maintaining directional information in working memory (WM).
  • The compatibility between WM goals and movement goals was manipulated at trial and block levels.
  • Two TMS protocols (intermittent theta-burst and continuous theta-burst) were applied to the left lateral PFC.

Main Results:

  • WM maintenance of directional information biased hand movement trajectory and speed.
  • This bias was reduced when WM content predictably conflicted with movement goals.
  • Excitatory TMS of lateral PFC impaired proactive control, while inhibitory TMS impaired reactive control.

Conclusions:

  • The lateral PFC plays a crucial role in regulating the interplay between working memory content and manual actions.
  • Distinct mechanisms within the lateral PFC support adaptive control at different timescales, influencing both proactive and reactive control strategies.