Pharmacotherapy guideline concordance for major depressive disorder and its link to functioning via symptom change

Alleviation of symptom severity for major depressive disorder (MDD) is known to be associated with a lagged improvement of functioning. Pharmacotherapy guidelines support algorithms for MDD treatment. However, it is currently unclear whether concordance with guidelines influences functional recovery. A guideline concordance algorithm (GCA-8) was used to measure this pathway in a naturalistic clinical setting.

Data from 1403 adults (67% female, 84% non-Hispanic/Latino White, mean age of 43 years) with nonpsychotic MDD from the Penn State Psychiatry Clinical Assessment and Rating Evaluation System registry (visits from 02/01/2015 to 04/13/2021) were evaluated. Multivariable linear regression measured associations between GCA-8 and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS) scores. Mediation by MDD symptom severity using the Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-9) was also evaluated.

This study found a statistically significant improvement in WHODAS scores (functioning) between baseline and final measures (-2 points, P < .001) within one year. A one standard deviation increase in the GCA-8 score was associated with a 0.48-point reduction in mean disability score (total effect; P = .02) with significant mediation by the change in MDD symptom severity (coefficient = -0.51, P < .001) and a nonsignificant natural direct effect of the GCA-8 independent of PHQ-9 change (coefficient = -0.02, P = .92).

Higher pharmacotherapy guideline concordance is associated with better functioning for MDD patients; this association likely occurs through improvement in MDD symptom severity rather than directly.