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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom,...
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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Heterocyclic Phytochemicals as Anticancer Agents.

M Amin Mir1, Bimal Krishna Banik1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, AL Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
|October 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heterocyclic phytochemicals show significant potential as novel anticancer agents, offering diverse mechanisms to combat cancer. Further research is crucial to harness their therapeutic capabilities, potentially enhancing conventional cancer treatments.

Keywords:
AlkaloidsCoumarinsFlavonoidsHeterocyclic ringsPhytochemicalsTerpenoids.

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cancer remains a significant global health burden, necessitating the development of new therapeutic strategies.
  • Heterocyclic phytochemicals derived from natural sources are emerging as promising candidates for anticancer drug discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze heterocyclic compounds from natural products with demonstrated anticancer properties.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of these compounds in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies on heterocyclic phytochemicals.
  • Analysis of chemical structures, bioactivities, and mechanisms of action.
  • Evaluation of efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic profiles.

Main Results:

  • Key heterocyclic classes (alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids) exhibit potent anticancer effects.
  • Diverse mechanisms include modulation of apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell cycle.
  • Combination therapy shows synergistic effects, improving efficacy and reducing side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Heterocyclic phytochemicals possess significant therapeutic potential for cancer treatment.
  • Ongoing research is vital to fully realize their clinical application and optimize treatment strategies.