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Buruli ulcer: An epidemiological update from Japan.

Ryo Fukaura1, Manabu Ato2, Chiaki Murase1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.

The Journal of Dermatology
|October 1, 2024
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Summary

Buruli ulcer (BU) cases in Japan, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans subsp. shinshuense, are increasing. Despite good healthcare, delayed diagnosis is common due to low awareness among professionals.

Keywords:
Japanesemycobacterium ulcerans subsp. shinshuensemycolactoneneglected tropical diseasetransmission

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans.
  • Japan, a non-tropical country, has documented cases of BU, with Mycobacterium ulcerans subsp. shinshuense identified as the causative agent.
  • The first report of BU in Japan was in 1982, with a recent increase in cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of Buruli ulcer cases in Japan.
  • To raise awareness of BU among dermatologists and healthcare professionals in non-endemic settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of documented Buruli ulcer cases in Japan.
  • Analysis of case distribution and trends over time.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and healthcare system's role.

Main Results:

  • A total of 87 Buruli ulcer cases have been reported in Japan to date.
  • A significant increase in cases is observed, with 50 cases (57.7%) reported in the last decade.
  • Japan's advanced healthcare facilitates favorable prognoses but delayed diagnoses occur due to low awareness.

Conclusions:

  • Buruli ulcer incidence is rising in Japan, necessitating increased vigilance.
  • Healthcare professionals require enhanced education on BU recognition and diagnosis in non-endemic areas.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing Buruli ulcer effectively.