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Related Concept Videos

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

228
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
228
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
107
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

239
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
239
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

414
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
414
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
987
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

547
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
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Inhaled Analgesia in Dermatologic Settings: A Comprehensive Overview of Methoxyflurane.

Leah Johnston1,2, Susan Poelman3,4, Benjamin Barankin5

  • 1Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Skin Therapy Letter
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Methoxyflurane inhalers offer effective pain relief for dermatologic procedures when local anesthetics are insufficient. This self-administered option provides rapid analgesia with minimal side effects for outpatient settings.

Keywords:
Penthroxdermatologyinhaled analgesiamethoxyfluranepain control

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pain Management
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Pain management is crucial for dermatologic procedures in awake, outpatient settings.
  • Local anesthetics like lidocaine are standard but have limitations.
  • Certain procedures require alternative analgesia due to efficacy, area, dosage, or contraindications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence supporting methoxyflurane inhalers for pain management.
  • To discuss potential indications for methoxyflurane in dermatology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing randomized controlled trials and clinical data.
  • Analysis of methoxyflurane's efficacy and safety profile.
  • Clinical commentary on application in dermatologic procedures.

Main Results:

  • Methoxyflurane has demonstrated efficacy in acute pain and procedural settings.
  • It offers rapid onset and quick resolution of effects.
  • The inhaler has a favorable side effect profile and is self-administered.

Conclusions:

  • Methoxyflurane inhalers are a beneficial option for pain management in dermatology.
  • Its characteristics make it suitable for outpatient dermatologic procedures when local anesthetics fail.
  • Further clinical commentary supports its use in specific dermatologic indications.