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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

Published on: November 16, 2018

Silicon heterojunction back-contact solar cells by laser patterning.

Hua Wu¹, Feng Ye¹, Miao Yang¹

¹Central R&D Institute, LONGi Green Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Xian, China.

|October 1, 2024

Summary

Laser patterning streamlines back-contact silicon solar cell fabrication, boosting efficiency over 27%. This innovation accelerates production and enables cost-effective, high-performance solar solutions for diverse applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy Engineering
Photovoltaics

Background:

Back-contact silicon solar cells offer aesthetic advantages and are suitable for building-integrated photovoltaics.
Current patterning techniques complicate manufacturing and lead to power losses.
There is a need for efficient and streamlined fabrication methods for high-performance solar cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a laser-based fabrication process for back-contact silicon solar cells.
To enhance the power-conversion efficiency of these solar cells.
To reduce manufacturing complexity and processing time.

Main Methods:

Utilized pulsed picosecond lasers at various wavelengths for back-contact patterning.
Developed a novel dense passivating contact structure.
Deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon layers for surface passivation and carrier collection.

Main Results:

Achieved a silicon solar cell power-conversion efficiency exceeding 27%.
Developed indium-less cells at 26.5% efficiency and silver-free cells at 26.2% efficiency.
Reduced the effective processing time to approximately one-third of emerging mainstream technologies.

Conclusions:

Laser-based fabrication offers a streamlined and efficient method for producing high-performance back-contact silicon solar cells.
The developed technology facilitates the integration of solar solutions into buildings and transportation.
This advancement supports the expansion of solar energy to meet terawatt demands.