COVID-19 vaccination-linked granuloma annulare in two patients

The COVID-19 pandemic brought not only a huge healthcare challenge to the world but also introduced many questions of how the human immune system reacts to counter viral invasion, including vaccination. Unlike most vaccinations that are not usually linked to any specific skin eruptions, COVID-19 vaccination has been linked to a variety of skin lesions. In this paper, we present two patients who developed granulomatous skin lesions post-COVID-19 vaccination, one patient has generalised granuloma annulare (GA) and the other patient develops localised GA. Both patients have good responses to treatment regimens containing systemic corticosteroids. We review the literature pertaining to COVID-19-linked skin diseases, particularly granulomatous diseases and discuss the possible pathomechanism of granulomatous eruptions in relation to COVID-19 vaccination.