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Jaundice

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Quantitative Visualization and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Dynamic Thermal Imaging

Quantitative Visualization and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Dynamic Thermal Imaging

Published on: May 5, 2011

An Invisible Dermal Nanotattoo-Based Smart Wearable Sensor for eDiagnostics of Jaundice.

Raziyeh Sadat Tabatabaee¹, Tina Naghdi^1,2, Mohammad Peyravian¹

¹Nanosensor Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran 14335-186, Iran.

|October 2, 2024

Summary

A new fluorescent microneedle tattoo sensor enables noninvasive, real-time monitoring of neonatal jaundice by measuring bilirubin levels in interstitial fluid. This wearable technology offers a promising approach for early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of hyperbilirubinemia.

Keywords:

bilirubin hyperbilirubinemia microneedle patch skin interstitial fluid tattoo sensor

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Wearable Sensors

Background:

Neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) is a common cause of newborn hospitalization.
Accurate, noninvasive monitoring of bilirubin is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.
Current diagnostic methods often require invasive blood sampling.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a smart wearable sensor for early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of neonatal jaundice.
To create a minimally invasive, continuous, and real-time monitoring system for bilirubin levels.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a fluorescent dermal nanotattoo using biocompatible microneedles loaded with carbon quantum dots.
Coupling the nanotattoo with an IoT-integrated wearable optoelectronic reader.
Utilizing selective fluorescence recovery for bilirubin sensing in interstitial fluid.

Main Results:

The nanotattoo sensor demonstrated highly selective bilirubin sensing.
The developed sensor showed a high correlation with blood bilirubin levels.
The system enabled minimally invasive, continuous, and real-time monitoring.

Conclusions:

The smart wearable tattoo sensor is a promising tool for easy, reliable, and noninvasive jaundice eDiagnostics.
This technology facilitates continuous therapeutic eMonitoring of jaundice and related conditions.
The nanotattoo sensing bioplatform can inspire future diagnostic and monitoring applications.