Docetaxel-tethered di-Carboxylic Acid Derivatised Fullerenes: A Promising Drug Delivery Approach for Breast Cancer

Docetaxel (DTX) has become widely accepted as a first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer; however, the frequent development of resistance provides challenges in treating the disease.C₆₀ fullerene introduces a unique molecular form of carbon, exhibiting attractive chemical and physical properties. Our study aimed to develop dicarboxylic acid-derivatized C₆₀ fullerenes as a novel DTX delivery carrier. This study investigated the potential of water-soluble fullerenes to deliver the anti-cancer drug DTX through a hydrophilic linker. The synthesis was carried out using the Prato reaction. The spectroscopic analysis confirmed the successful conjugation of DTX molecules over fullerenes. The particle size of nanoconjugate was reported to be 122.13 ± 1.63 nm with a conjugation efficiency of 76.7 ± 0.14%. The designed conjugate offers pH-dependent release with significantly less plasma pH, ensuring maximum release at the target site. In-vitro cell viability studies demonstrated the enhanced cytotoxic nature of the developed nanoconjugate compared to DTX. These synthesized nanoscaffolds were highly compatible with erythrocytes, indicating the safer intravenous route administration. Pharmacokinetic studies confirmed the higher bioavailability (~ 6 times) and decreased drug clearance from the system vis-à-vis plain drug. The histological studies reveal that nanoconjugate-treated tumour cells exhibit similar morphology to normal cells. Therefore, it was concluded that this developed formulation would be a valuable option for clinical use.